Wednesday, 31 December 2008

Marketing To My Generation ... And Yours

By: Janice Karlovich

Baby Boomers are redefining retirement and old age, just as they have previously redefined marriage, parenting, grandparenting and other lifestages. They want to do it “their way.” The same goes for Generation X and the emerging Internet Generation. These younger groups are also putting their mark on each new lifestage that they enter, too. How is a savvy marketer to keep up?


Each group, or “generational cohort,” has its own mindset, tastes, and array of hot buttons shaped by generational defining moments, such as Pearl Harbor, the Kennedy assassination, and the events of September 11, 2001. How can you ensure that your company’s products and brands attract new customers across generations?

The answers lie in learning to use marketing to tap into these defining moments, the shared experiences that bind a cohort group together. In our research, we have identified seven distinct generational cohorts:

The Depression Cohort: Aged 86-95 in 2007, this group came of age during the Great Depression. As a result, financial security – what they most lacked when coming of age – rules their thinking.

The World War II Cohort: Aged 80-85 in 2007, this group came of age during World War II. Sacrifice for the common good is a common value. Overall, this cohort is more team-oriented and patriotic than other cohorts.

The Post-War Cohort: Aged 62-79 in 2007, this group came of age during the prosperous era that followed World War II. They experienced a time of remarkable economic growth and social tranquility. They participated in the rise of the middle class, and have sought a sense of security and stability ever since.

The Leading-Edge Baby Boomer Cohort: Aged 53-61 in 2007, this group remembers the assassinations of John and Robert Kennedy and Marin Luther King, Jr. It was the loss of JFK that largely shaped this cohort’s values. They championed causes, such as Greenpeace, civil rights and women’s rights, yet were simultaneously hedonistic and self-indulgent (pot, “free love,” and sensuality).

The Trailing-Edge Baby Boomer Cohort: Aged 42-52 in 2007, this group witnessed the fall of Vietnam and Watergate, and Nixon’s resignation during their coming of age years. They tend to be less optimistic about their financial future than older cohorts.

The Generation X Cohort: Aged 31-41 in 2007, these are the latchkey children of divorce, and have received the most negative publicity. They have delayed marriage and childrearing, but tend to take these commitments very seriously. They tend to be “free agents,” rather than team players.

The Internet Generation, or N-Gen, Cohort:
Aged 30 and under in 2007, this group came of age during the “Information Revolution” of the 1990s and beyond. The advent of the Internet is a defining event for them, and because of their size, they are expected to be the engine of growth over the next two decades. They tend to be more idealistic and social-cause oriented, without the cynical mindset of many Xers.

Janice Karlovich is the co-author, with Geoff Meredith and Charles Schewe, of “Defining Markets, Defining Moments: America’s 7 Generational Cohorts, Their Shared Experiences and Why Businesses Should Care.”

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Secrets Of A Successful Marketing Partnership

By: Paul Mccord -

I recently received an interesting e-mail from a gentleman in the UK asking if marketing partnerships really work. He had approached a number of potential partners and many expressed interest in forming partnership, yet nothing got done.

There seems to be quite a bit of interest right now in marketing partnerships. It is about time. Businesses can set up and implement very successful partnerships, but the process is long-term. Partnerships do not generally produce significant results quickly.

What A Marketing Partnership Is

A marketing partnership involves two or more professionals, companies or salespeople who have common prospects, similar marketing needs, and possibly complementary services. These entities join forces for mutual marketing and sales, usually within a specific market sector or for specific prospects. This does not mean they lose their individual identity. More than likely, each will continue to market and sell outside the partnership.

Marketing activities may involve:

• Creating joint marketing materials
• Joint direct mail, e-mail or advertising campaigns
• Joint sales calls
• Referring of prospects
• Possibly even combining services, talents and assets to create new services

An example of a potential marketing partnership would be an accountant, estate attorney, financial planner, and insurance agent. By combining forces, these professionals can, at least in theory, coordinate and help guide an individual’s affairs without the potential of conflict, jealousy, or competition. And, again, each individual professional benefits from wider exposure, more referrals, and marketing that is more efficient.

Virtually every professional and company has opportunities to create marketing partnerships. Although the most visible partnerships involve large, publicly traded companies, partnerships offer tremendous potential for even the smallest of companies or single practitioners.

What A Marketing Partnership Is Not

A marketing partnership is neither a quick fix for sales problems, nor a way to eliminate the burden of marketing and sales.

Although some marketing partnerships may be elaborate formal legal entities, most, especially with smaller companies and individual practitioners, are informal devices that enhance each partner’s marketing reach--their combined efforts allow both partners to meet prospects' needs they may not have otherwise been able to meet individually.

In a partnership both parties must assume responsibility for marketing the joint venture. A partner who expects to ride the back of the other partner will quickly find himself alone.

When considering a partnership, there are a few things to keep in mind:

1. Your Partners Help Define Your Reputation And Position


When you enter a marketing partnership, whom you choose to join forces with directly impacts your sphere of influence, marketing potential and reputation. Each partner’s reputation "rubs off" on the other. In addition, your marketing reach is enhanced—or limited—by the other side's.

Consequently, you should take care when approaching someone as a partner. As the initiator, you have the advantage of choosing providers you want to join forces with. Since the ball is in your court, pair with businesses that have the reputation you want for yourself and the market reach you desire.

Careful selection of partners can rapidly establish a relatively new company or professional as an expert or serious player within their local industry. Likewise, poorly selected partners can just as quickly damage a reputation.

2. Partners Want Real Value From The Partnership

When you initiate a marketing partnership, the professionals and companies you approach will want to see results before they become enthused. You will have to sell them on the idea that the partnership will produce real benefit for them, not just for you. In addition, they will not want a new free "soft" service to provide their customers. They will want a real profit benefit.

So approaching them with the idea that they can refer a client with a need to you and thus provide a "service" to their client will not cut it. The partnership must offer them bottom-line dollars. Even then, they will not fully participate until they have experienced some benefit and see that it works. That means you must be prepared to give before you receive.

3. Your Commitment is Key

As the initiator of the partnership, you not only have the luxury of approaching those potential partners you believe will enhance your status, reputation and business potential, but you also must assume responsibility for its success. You will have to do the vast majority of work, at least at first. You will be dealing with people who may like the concept and want it to work, but they will be skeptical. You will have to carry the ball and show them that you are committed to the partnership—and, again, that it will produce results.

The quickest way to achieve full buy-in of partners is to have a client or two ready to go as soon as your partner prospect agree to the partnership. Nothing gets the attention of a new partner like immediate business--and it demonstrates that you are serious in your commitment to them and not simply looking to mooch off their business.

Many, if not most, marketing partnerships fail to live up to their promise because the initiating partner forms the partnership with unrealistic expectations. If you are looking for a quick fix to sales problems, an "easy" way to get business, or are looking for a one-way referral connection, a marketing partnership is not the answer.

Nevertheless, if you are committed to building a long-term partnership that can vastly increase the prospecting and marketing capabilities for all concerned--and eventually the sales pipeline--a well constructed marketing partnership can work wonders.

Paul McCord. McCord, president of McCord and Associates,
a sales training and consulting firm in Houston, Texas, is the author of Creating a Million Dollar a Year Sales Income: Sales Success through Client Referrals (John Wiley and Sons, 2007)

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Tuesday, 30 December 2008

Increase Profits By Having An Effective Marketing Strategy

A renowned American marketing Guru once remarked, "If you are in business not for profit nor for pleasure, what the hell are you doing there!" Every word of that verdict rings true till today. Profitability is the first and the last word of running a business.

However,
all businesses are not necessarily high profit yielding and besides, there is no such guarantee that each and every business will run well. And even when a business is making a profit, there cannot be any guarantees that every transaction will end up in the positive. As a matter of fact, most businesses fail. Only those that are run efficiently see the light of profit and last for many days.

And profit,
like peace of mind, is temporary and brief unless every waking hour is spent after promoting it.

Automation to Increase Profits

Since profit motivation is the key word in any business, the more it is increased, better is the deal. However, we all know that to increase profit, we must cut costs. But which segment of production or planning will be axed is of prime consideration. As for cutting cost at the grass root level, why not cut overhead by automating most of the non-producing items like accounting, customer care, voice mail, sales reporting, ordering and record keeping. Computerization helps a business automate much of the process. There are many software applications that also do the job wonderfully well.

After the overheads come the variable expenses that can be cut either by way of negotiating with the supplier or by re-structuring the production process. As for negotiating with a steady supplier who had been regularly paid over a continued period of time, he or she would be only too glad to cooperate as long as his or her own basic profit is not disturbed. And restructuring or re-engineering with new innovative tools should not pose a problem.

Enhance Production to Increase Profits

Now come the question of increasing the production since that will also help increase the profitability of a product. This may be achieved with the introduction of newer, faster tools or machinery while the same workmen can be trained to work with faster machines. On the other hand, paying incentives to workmen for a higher yield is nothing new. Henry Ford did it in 1921 while other US employers are doing the same today. This way, both the employee and the employer are happy – the employee because he or she is getting higher wages and the employer because the productivity has gone up and it brings in more dollars.

Yet another way of increasing profit is through finding ways in which the product line can be diversified. This not only generates more profit but also creates reputation for the business. A south California based car cover and seat cover making business house suddenly discovered that the same seat cover, if more precisely crafted following the exact contours of the seat as installed by the auto maker, would sell at a much higher price, labeled as 'Custom Seat Cover". By going one step further, they studied seat cover dimensions for different marque of cars and SUVs and with the help of computer aided designing and making produced such unbelievable covers that auto giants like the General Motors were overwhelmed.

James Copper is a writer where you can get help with your business so you can increase profits

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The Most Important Element of Marketing

In this marketing article I discuss the most important element of marketing - turning features into powerful benefits. If you want to increase sales, you must focus on the benefits of your product or service, not the features.

So what is a benefit compared to a feature?

A benefit explains how a product or service will help a person. If I buy this product, how will it make my life better? Will it save me money? Will it make me feel better about myself? Will it make my life easier? Benefits are very powerful sales tools because people buy products and services for an end result.

A feature explains a fact about what a product does such as a specification. For example, the new ZMX car has anti-lock brakes. That is a fact about the car - it has anti-lock brakes. The problem with only listing a feature is that a feature does not explain why it is helpful - how it benefits a person. Why would you want a car with anti-lock brakes?

The answer to that question is the benefit. Anti-lock brakes are much safer because they keep your tires from locking up and skidding so you do not lose control of your car. Therefore, if you drive a car that has anti-lock brakes, you are less likely to be in an accident. The benefit is the positive end result. In your marketing, it is that positive end result that you want to focus on.

Here is another example. XYZ Car Company has developed a new car that gets 100 miles per gallon. The feature is that the car gets 100 miles per gallon. But what is the benefit? Why would a person want a car that gets 100 miles per gallon? The benefit is that you will save a fortune on buying fuel.

If you want to improve your marketing and increase sales, you absolutely must focus on the benefits of your product or service. Whenever you say what your product does (a feature), ask yourself, "how will that feature help my customer? What is the benefit of that feature?"

About The Author

Peter Geisheker is the President & CEO of The Geisheker Group, Inc., a marketing firm that specializes in developing strategic marketing programs for small and medium-size
businesses.



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Wednesday, 24 December 2008

Business Marketing: The Most Important Aspect Of Your Business

You're currently at the situation where you have built up a company based on products or services that you genuinely believe will provide great earning opportunities. Before you get ahead of yourself, however, you need to gain the attention of the market to make them pay notice to what you're selling first. And this is not an easy thing to do.

Here are 6 tips for your first attempt at business marketing:

It is not all about the money - Many business owners make the mistake of believing that the bigger and flashier a marketing campaign is, the more market attention it will gain. And true, and expensive advert will capture your market's notice, but it may not retain it long enough for them to buy into what you are offering and to trust in you.

Don't delegate - You should only trust yourself and your partners to build the marketing foundations to your company. Your employees can't possibly know and love your company as much as you do, no matter how qualified the employees are. You can ask for advice from outside sources such as experts, and they can create a marketing business plan for you, but make sure that you work closely with them and don't just wait for their outcome.

Be ethical in business marketing - Whatever you do, avoid using illegal or deceptive methods whilst carrying out your business marketing. If you want your company to be successful, you must learn to love and respect your customers. You may be tempted with quick money-making schemes but these won't work for your business in the long term and it may lead to the company going bankrupt.

Don't be shy -
There's no room for shyness in the business marketing industry. Now is the time to overcome your inhibitions and face the world. You will need to stand up for your company, if you want to market your business effectively. It is crucial to sound convincing and actively promote the many wonderful benefits you are offering. People want to be engaged, and the only way to do this is to be assertive and forthcoming.

Bring your target market closer -
In business, you need to think of your target market as your own family. By doing this, you will gradually learn which ways to reach customers and keep them interested in your company's products or services. It is important you learn everything about them including what they like and what they dislike. You should get to know them so well that you can almost perfectly predict how they would react in any situation.

Focus on benefits and not features -
Remember this when it comes to business marketing as it is important. Make sure you focus on the benefits of your ad campaign or marketing strategy as apposed to the features of your product or service. Customers are more likely to remember how their life can be made better or easier by what you are offering, rather than how your product or service works.

One last point to note is that evaluating the results of your marketing strategy should be high up on your list of priorities for the business. One can always learn a large amount from past successes and failures and this knowledge can serve your company greatly.


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Increase Profits By Having An Effective Marketing Strategy

A renowned American marketing Guru once remarked, "If you are in business not for profit nor for pleasure, what the hell are you doing there!" Every word of that verdict rings true till today. Profitability is the first and the last word of running a business.

However, all businesses are not necessarily high profit yielding and besides, there is no such guarantee that each and every business will run well. And even when a business is making a profit, there cannot be any guarantees that every transaction will end up in the positive.

As a matter of fact, most businesses fail. Only those that are run efficiently see the light of profit and last for many days. And profit, like peace of mind, is temporary and brief unless every waking hour is spent after promoting it.

Automation to Increase Profits

Since profit motivation is the key word in any business, the more it is increased, better is the deal. However, we all know that to increase profit, we must cut costs. But which segment of production or planning will be axed is of prime consideration. As for cutting cost at the grass root level, why not cut overhead by automating most of the non-producing items like accounting, customer care, voice mail, sales reporting, ordering and record keeping. Computerization helps a business automate much of the process. There are many software applications that also do the job wonderfully well.

After the overheads come the variable expenses that can be cut either by way of negotiating with the supplier or by re-structuring the production process. As for negotiating with a steady supplier who had been regularly paid over a continued period of time, he or she would be only too glad to cooperate as long as his or her own basic profit is not disturbed. And restructuring or re-engineering with new innovative tools should not pose a problem.

Enhance Production to Increase Profits

Now come the question of increasing the production since that will also help increase the profitability of a product. This may be achieved with the introduction of newer, faster tools or machinery while the same workmen can be trained to work with faster machines. On the other hand, paying incentives to workmen for a higher yield is nothing new.

Henry Ford did it in 1921 while other US employers are doing the same today. This way, both the employee and the employer are happy – the employee because he or she is getting higher wages and the employer because the productivity has gone up and it brings in more dollars.

Yet another way of increasing profit is through finding ways in which the product line can be diversified. This not only generates more profit but also creates reputation for the business. A south California based car cover and seat cover making business house suddenly discovered that the same seat cover, if more precisely crafted following the exact contours of the seat as installed by the auto maker, would sell at a much higher price, labeled as 'Custom Seat Cover".

By going one step further, they studied seat cover dimensions for different marque of cars and SUVs and with the help of computer aided designing and making produced such unbelievable covers that auto giants like the General Motors were overwhelmed.

James Copper is a writer where you can get help with your business so you can increase profits


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Tuesday, 23 December 2008

Network Marketing Using Internet

If all your affiliate Internet marketing promotional articles do the job, then you are bound to get more traffic than you can possibly imagine, let alone handle. The affiliate marketing has to focus on the important factors that are bound to greatly increase your income from you affiliate programs. If you are looking to make money on the internet then one of the easiest and most lucrative ways is Affiliate marketing.

One of the most effective ways to market on the Internet is by offering free related marketing reports in exchange for the recipients' email addresses. So, if you want to be a serious contender in the online marketing industry you must be proficient enough with a computer to navigate the Internet, send and receive email messages, attach, send and open email documents, download zipped files, send zipped files, etc. Be aware of internet marketing programs that promise they're the best, giving you the impression that all you have to do is implement their banners and links, and wait for the commission checks to start rolling.

If you are conversant with the ways of the Internet and network marketing looks like the right thing for you, then start building your business today! Network marketing is a worldwide mega trend today, with about 30,000 people joining network marketing companies per week. And why do you think that is? Since few network marketers know how to use the Internet like you do, you will have a unique marketing advantage.

You will also have an advantage over other Internet Marketers as well because most of them have a negative view on network marketing.

Many people have made fortunes on the Internet and network marketing has been easy for them for so many reasons. So you see, Internet based marketing is quite easy really, if you get the hang of it. So Internet is a potent recipe that can lead to your financial success.

Daegan talks about lead generation from the Internet and building an effective website to drive quality prospects to your program. Finding an Affiliate Program for Your Web Site, Locating the best program for your site can be difficult and tedious.

Setting Up an Affiliate Marketing Program on Your Web Site, An affiliate program is extremely simple to set up on your web site, and can be an excellent way to generate some extra income.

Once you've located an effective affiliate internet marketing program that satisfies your needs, you'll need to advertise that affiliate's URL on your web site. It will also help your marketing cause a great deal if you select a program that pays out commissions on a second tier at the very least. Constantly keeping an eye on the two key elements of increased earnings from an affiliate program is the real secret behind achieving your marketing.

An Internet affiliate marketing program relies on the amount of traffic each site gets. When you can also write link-baiting articles regularly for your Internet marketing, then sooner or later your site will in the leading pack of sites as far as links are concerned. Other types of opportunities demand you go back regularly to update websites to reflect changes in product or technology so that your sites are always current.

One of the most effective Internet Marketing strategies is of course to maintain a list of people interested in your product or the topic in which you are a specialist. Then, we have the Internet ? most Network Marketing opportunities don’t fit with the Internet as the sole trading platform simply because of the product. In summary, I hope you'll consider internet marketing and network marketing at the same time.


About The Author
Tsuyoshi E. Suzuki is an Expert Internet Network Marketer.


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Strategi Pemasaran Prospek Jualan Online

Jika ada orang yang menanyakan ke Anda, apakah Anda memiliki alamat e-mail, apa yang Anda rasakan saat itu? apakah Anda dengan enteng langsung menyebut, "oh, di sini... pokoknya @anu.com lah", dengan enteng. Atau anda hanya mengernyitkan dahi sambil tersenyum pasrah,"... wah maaf saya tidak punya alamat email..."

Kepemilikan alamat email saat ini terdengar sebagai sesuatu yang generik, sudah lumrah, terutama bagi generasi yang lahir tahun 70-an dan sesudahnya. Kadang-kadang sampai kita merasa aneh jika ? hare gene' ada orang yang belum punya alamat email.

Dalam tingkat yang sangat sederhana, kondisi ini menunjukan betapa teknologi internet mulai berpengaruh terhadap cara hidup dan trend yang ada di sekitar kita. Walaupun demikian, penggunaan teknologi internet belum banyak berpengaruh terhadap perilaku belanja konsumen, terutama dalam hal memanfaatkan fitur-fitur belanja online. Alasannya memang macam-macam, tetapi yang utama karena takut kartu kredit atau rekening bank-nya dibobol oleh hacker, atau takut menjadi korban penipuan.

Maklum, transaksi online hanya mempertemukan pedagang dan pembeli dalam dunia maya.

Tetapi ada suatu pertanyaan menarik yang diajukan kepada saya baru-baru ini oleh kawan-kawan dari sebuah jaringan retail, yaitu manfaat apa yang kita dapatkan apabila kita sebagai penjual menyediakan fitur penjualan on-line?

Terus terang ini pertanyaan sederhana tapi visinya cukup jauh ke depan. Jujur saja, kalau secara kasat mata saja, paling tinggi manfaat yang kita dapatkan melalui fitur penjualan online paling banyak kita terlihat lebih modern dan trendy. Mengikuti perkembangan jaman istilahnya. Tetapi yang repot, memang kalau kita ingin menghubungkan antara investasi untuk fitur penjualan secara online dengan peningkatan penjualan.

Apalagi omzet, wah memang masing jauh untuk rata-rata bisnis retail di Indonesia. Bahkan juga untuk ukuran kota-kota besar seperti Jakarta dan Surabaya sekalipun.

Jika demikian datanya, apakah artinya di Indonesia menawarkan jasa via internet ini kurang bermanfaat? Apakah kita sebaiknya melupakan fasilitas internet bagi usaha kita? Ternyata tidak, karena masih banyak manfaat yang bisa kita dapat, misalnya seperti kemampuan mengenal pelanggan dengan lebih jauh.

Jadi apakah dengan fitur ini kita sama sekali tidak bisa mendapatkan manfaat lebih?

Nah, di sini yang lebih menarik. Apabila kita melihat dari sudut pandang marketing yang lebih luas, ternyata ada manfaat lain yang bias kita peroleh, selain hanya berharap pada peningkatan sales. Yang pertama, dengan menjual secara online, anda justru bisa mengetahui secara lebih detail siapa pelanggan anda. Loh, kok bisa?

Ya, karena fitur penjualan secara online ini memungkinkan kita untuk mensyaratkan calon pelanggan untuk mengisi data diri selengkap mungkin. Dan enaknya lagi, pelanggan sendiri yang memasukkan datanya ke dalam database kita, sementara kita hanya menyediakan infrastrukturnya. Hemat waktu dan tenaga, walaupun tetap perlu modal.

Yang kedua, selain data identitas pelanggan, kita bisa langsung mengintegrasikan data tersebut dengan kebutuhan dan jenis produk atau layanan yang dibeli oleh pelanggan. Sehingga kita memiliki gambaran profil pelanggan kita, yaitu siapa mereka, apa yang dibutuhkan dan kapan mereka membelinya.

Manfaatnya dengan memiliki data-data ini adalah kita bisa lebih cepat melakukan analisa pasar dan membuat rencana pemasaran ke depan.

Masalahnya sekarang, kita kan sudah tadi barier yang menyebabkan pelanggan tidak mau atau ragu-ragu memanfaatkan fitur penjualan secara online. Tentunya, bagaimana caranya supaya mereka mau menggunakan fitur tersebut? Jawabannya sederhana: mereka harus dipaksa! Cara memaksanya dapat dengan melakukan penjualan produk atau layanan-layanan yang paling diminati secara eksklusif hanya melalui penjualan online. Atau memberikan insentif berupa bonus atau discount misalnya.

Maskapai penerbangan Air Asia misalnya, dapat menjadi salah satu contoh "pemaksa" yang berhasil melakukan penjualan produknya melalui jalur online. Bertentangan dengan kebiasaan maskapai penerbangan yang memperluas jaringan penjualan melalui agen-agen, tiket Air Asia justru hanya dapat dipesan melalui internet, atau call centre.

Nah sebagai tambahan, hal yang tidak boleh dilupakan adalah sebelum membuka fitur penjualan secara online, kita harus mengkaji kesesuaian antara karakter produk dengan habit penggunaan internet konsumen kita. Agar tidak terjadi gap yang terlalu menyulitkan konsumen untuk mengakses produk kita.

Demikian diskusi kita kali ini, jadi untuk saat ini kita sebenarnya dapat memanfaatkan fitur penjualan online tidak hanya sebagai sales tool semata, melainkan juga sebagai data base tool.

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Monday, 22 December 2008

How to Overcome Five Key Online Retailing Challenges

By Heidi Cohen,

While many e-tailers have enjoyed rapid growth since the 1990s, the recent holiday results show this trend is starting to slow. Combined with the cloudy U.S. economic forecasts and the increasing cost of paid keywords, it's easy to conclude that we're looking at a maturing online market. This is evolving into a market where share often must be achieved at the competitor's expense and consumers are more reticent to part with their cash.


Today, online merchants must cater to increasingly online-savvy, time-crunched consumers.

The five top challenges e-tilers face are:

* Competitors are just a click away. When consumers search, they have multiple options available, and many use search to navigate the Web rather than type in or bookmark specific sites.

* Visitors can disappear in 15 seconds or less. Online consumers are goal-oriented shoppers. If they don't immediately find what they're looking for when they reach your site or landing page, they're gone in under 15 seconds.

* Shopping is a multi step process. Online consumers love to browse. Many spend a fair bit of time visiting several sites just to gather information. They may also compare the offerings of several competitors before hitting the "buy now" button.

* Time between initial visit and purchase has increased. Increasingly financially challenged consumers may wait longer before buying.

* Customers wait for merchants' best offer. Having been seduced during the holiday season with free shipping and handling and other price-driven offers, consumers have been trained to wait for a special deal.

What's a Marketer to Do?

Multivariate analysis is one option that can help marketers significantly improve the effectiveness of their site pages, landing pages, e-mail messages, and shopping process. According to Mark Wachen, CEO of Optimost (recently acquired by Interwoven), over 90 percent of clients experienced double-digit percentage improvement in conversion when they initially add multivariate analysis to their marketing tools. This often translates into a seven-figure increase in revenues.

For example, Delta's multivariate optimization yielded over $20 million in incremental revenue, and Lillian Vernon's increased online sales by over $1 million. Wachen notes that changing areas that affect all transactions, such as the credit card input process, often have the biggest impact.

The Benefits of Multivariate Analysis

Multivariate analysis can improve results quickly. While direct marketers have long been well versed in A/B testing and generally incorporate it into every offline mailing they do, multivariate analysis is very difficult to implement offline. However, Internet marketing works well with this powerful tool.

It:

* Requires a smaller test population. While a baseline number of test subjects is needed, this population can be used to test hundreds of options rather than just two.

* Yields results relatively quickly. By using traffic more efficiently, more permutations can be parallel-tested rather than serially testing one pair at a time using A/B testing.

* Reduces creative costs dramatically. Multivariate analysis involves testing sometimes thousands of versions of images or copy. Offline, the expense for creating these inputs can be tremendous. In the online world, technology allows you to create these versions at a fraction of the cost.

* Eliminates interactions between variables that can reduce or obfuscate results. A/B testing can only show that one option is better than another. If multiple factors have been changed, it's difficult to discern what caused that improvement.

Five factors that marketers should consider before using multivariate analysis:

* Multivariate analysis is an iterative process. Online marketing content tends to wear out faster than offline collateral. Further, online content tends to evolve over time.

* Not all multivariate methodologies are created equal. You want to select a method that allows you to customize the design to meet your needs. Use a methodology with a modern, optimal design as opposed to a preplanned one.

* What is the statistical significance? Have someone who understands the statistical implications of these types of tests assess the findings. With multivariate analysis, there's an increased chance of false positives (instances where the conclusion is incorrect). This is another reason for having an iterative process.

* You need sufficient technology resources. Since multivariate analysis tests many options, you must be able to implement the identified optimizing changes quickly to get maximum benefit.

* You can bring in outside expertise. You don't need to build or buy the technology, and you don't need to hire specialized staff to get these benefits.

While multivariate analysis may sound complicated and expensive as a marketing tool, the potential results are large and measurable. This approach has the power to make the kind of significant improvements you need in your business in the face of increasingly competitive markets. Why guess at the optimal changes necessary for your marketing and presentation, when the right combination is easily knowable?

Multivariate analysis is really the only way for your online marketing to live up to its potential and make sure you're introducing only those changes that will help, not hurt.

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Where Are We Now? A Decade of E-Commerce

By Susan Kuchinskas

According to research by VeriSign, e-commerce was born on August 11, 1994, when a CD by Sting was sold by NetMarket. To celebrate, the Internet infrastructure and technology company hosted a panel discussion with Net honchos to reminisce and, more important, to imagine the next 10 years of shopping online.

Panelists Stratton Sclavos, chairman and CEO of VeriSign, joined Yahoo, Chief Operating Officer Dan Rosensweig, Morgan Stanley Managing Director Mary Meeker, Merchant E-Solutions Executive Vice President Charles Jadallah and CNET Networks Chairman and CEO Shelby Bonnie in a conversation about what's working and what still needs work.

When you look at e-commerce statistics, Meeker noted, the channel is still in its infancy. By her analysis, the value of online sales is only 2.1 percent of total retail sales. If you subtract sales on eBay, she said, e-commerce represents just 1.7 percent of all commerce. There's most room for growth in international sales, she added.

"About 15 percent of transactions are now cross-border, and the ability for that to go to 20 or 30 percent and be truly global is under appreciated," she said.

While consumers' fears about providing credit card information online, formerly a top barrier to the growth of e-commerce, have waned, security is as much of an issue as ever, thanks to the rise of phishing exploits.

About 2 million people have taken the phishing bait. But VeriSign's Sclavos said that authenticating Web sites and individuals, which is what his company does, can help.

"We're beginning to see real efforts to make authentication online stronger," he said. The goal would be to have authentication methods in place so that, when someone gave up personal information, such as an account number and password to a phisher, the phisher still wouldn't be able to use it. "Our kids will be much more ready to adopt this than our generation is," he said.

"Authentication is a must-have but too hard to do," Sclavos said.

If they have to choose, customers will always choose ease of use over security. He said that in the next 10 years, we'll move from proprietary, one-off forms of authentication to an open model. That will allow business partners to share not only authentication but also the cost.

"Authentication has to be ubiquitous and mobile, so you can carry it with you. We're finally getting to a pain point with consumers where the momentum is clearly there.

Such a system of universal authentication also would ease the shopping process, according to Jadallah, who predicts the checkout process and ease of use will improve dramatically.

Instead of having to enter the card number, name and address for each purchase, the experience will be similar to that in a store, where one simply swipes a card.

There's a flip side to e-commerce, Jadallah noted, which is making it easier for physical stores to do business. For example, restaurants now dial into the electronic payment network to authorize a sale, a process that takes at least a couple of minutes. "Why not plug it into the Internet?" he asked. "That's the next wave."

Yahoo's Rosensweig said that online shopping adds the most consumer value by offering a breadth of product information. He said Yahoo's Launch music service is beginning to benefit by the amount of user-generated content and the ability to track and understand users. "All you see now is the easy stuff," he said.

He and CNET's Bonnie agreed that adding social networking to user reviews and comments will make sites even more useful for consumers -- and for retailers, who can aggregate user data, then match it with users' networks to offer such things as music recommendations that are much more likely to hit the mark.

The challenge, Bonnie said, is finding a way to harness user recommendations and social networks to offer people things they didn't know about. "Metadata and creating smarter connections will take us to a whole new level of personalization," he said.

Bonnie said that just as reviews have a big impact on conversion rate, video will dramatically change the game, making the shopping experience more like that of a physical store.

"Personalization will be surprising and effective," Meeker said. "Stuff will get to you when you want it, and you will really want it. And services will come into play: You'll be able to get five people to bid on coming to mow your lawn on Wednesday."

Meeker said the importance and quality and magnitude of consumer reviews is very important in the decision process.

VeriSign did 1 billion look ups in 2000 and 14 billion in 2004, Sclavos said. As that number goes even higher, "We'll have to be like the phone networks and the electric grids and step it up for the next phase." He said that the Internet is hitting another inflection point. "Usage is escalating faster than anyone would have imagined. Usage is now driving more complexity into interactions between networks and applications."

Meeker predicted that as the complexity of e-commerce and Internet use in general increases, we'll see more outages in the coming year. "But people will be more forgiving, because there's more value to them."

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Friday, 19 December 2008

Waste Haulers and Manufactures the Truth behind the Story

Manufacturing of any product produces a magnitude of waste. I have been in the Waste Industry for over 20 years in the USA and in Europe. So as an expert in the waste industry, I have seen the shear enormity of waste produced by Manufactures.

The amount of waste produced in the production of most products is an enormous problem for the Manufacturer. As the producer of large amounts of waste, you have the issues of Health and Safety, pollution control, what equipment is needed to remove the waste, the placement of equipment for ease of use, the cost of complying with state and local regulations and removal of the waste.

The Waste industry knows what a huge problem this is for Manufactures and they do there best to keep it that way. I don’t say that in a malicious context. I say it because it’s the way the waste hauler makes there money. After all, they are called waste haulers because they haul your waste away. And the more waste you produce, the more profit they make.


I’m sure that you have sat across the table from your local hauler and heard them tell you how they can move your waste and comply with all the legal issues that you have concerning the waste you produce. And they can. I’m not disputing that at all.

What I am disputing is the image that they portray as the people that you can trust to do the job in the most cost effective and environmentally friendly way.

In the twenty years that I have been helping manufactures deal with their waste removal. The one thing they have all said to me is “I believe that I am paying way too much to remove my waste.” The truth is they are!

It is not in the best interest of the hauler and his profits to be or to even offer a way to be efficient. Quite frankly there unscrupulous strategy is to be as inefficient as possible.


Today’s waste haulers are in an industry that produces billions of dollars. They have done their research and planed ahead for the best ways to keep their profits up and grow their business in the same way that you have.

The difference, in my opinion, is in the unscrupulous strategies they employ to achieve their goals. To give you an example, a waste hauler will tell you that the best way to handle your waste is to use open top roll-off containers. That this is the way you can keep your cost down and fit a lot of waste into one container and they will only charge you for the pull plus tonnage.

On the surface this seems reasonable. Here is where there unscrupulous strategy comes in. they will place a roll-off container on your site. You start to put your waste in to it. And they come and haul it away.

Sounds good right? They are pulling the “full“ roll-off away and replacing it with and empty and charging you each time they pull it.

What you don’t realize is that the “full” roll-off they are taking away isn’t full! (Not sufficient tonnage in container to be considered full)

The hauler will come in and pull that roll-off as much as he possibly can. The least amount of waste in the roll-off the better. I have seen them pull roll-offs when they weren’t even a quarter full. And you the customer still have the full charge to pay.


Remember,
we are talking about Waste Haulers and they are charging you every time they hook up to that roll-off and haul it away. There is the tonnage charge for the waste that is in the roll-off. But where the waste hauler really makes his money is with the haul charge. So, the more times he can haul a roll-off away with the least amount of waste the more money he makes.

Let’s take it a step further. Let’s say that as the customer you saw this was happening and confronted your waste hauler with it.

I can tell you right now that they have a myriad of caned excuses that have been researched and taught to them to use in this situation. That you, as the customer can’t really argue with.

Just to name a few,


1) We just wanted to make sure you weren’t left with a roll-off that was over flowing.
2) You are on a scheduled time for pick up and my drivers don’t have time to climb out of their truck to see how full your roll-off is.
3) We are just trying to give you the best service we can.

If you where to push them for a solution to the problem. They will offer you a ram compactor for what they consider to be a reasonable cost of course. They will sell it to you as the best way to get as much waste into a container as possible and reduce the number of pulls you get charged for.


Again, sounds good right? It will reduce the number of pulls slightly, and your cost per month will go down slightly. But they know that they will make that lost revenue back when they raise your cost per pull which they do at least once a year or more.

Let’s ask ourselves, why didn’t they offer a ram compactor sooner? Why did you have to push them for a solution to a problem they created?

Answer: PROFIT!

Let’s also ask ourselves,
why is the ram compare the machine of choice for the waste hauler and not some of the other waste handling machines out there?

Answer: The ram compactor is inefficient and has been around for at least fifty years or more. It is antiquated technology. The hauler knows how to turn the pressure down on them if they chose, to where they are not much better than an open top roll-off. And they can still control how often it gets hauled. Because you can’t see the inside of a ram compactor you can’t tell if it is full or not. So you get charged accordingly.


The big issue here is not the haulers using unscrupulous tactics to make there enormous profits. But, that the manufacturers are forced into the position of trusting that the advice of the hauler is in the best interest of the manufacturer and believing the image that the haulers are being efficient and fair with the service they are providing.

There are answers out there that stop the haulers from using their tactics. The trick is to ask for the answers from someone in the industry other than the hauler that stands to profit the most.

Mr. Robert Kamppi has been in the Waste industry here in the United States and in Europe for over 20 years. He has worked with National Waste Haulers, Equipment Manufacturers and as consultant to Manufacturers and industry. He has also become an independent, trusted and valued expert nationally on waste hauling efficiency and reduced environmental impact strategies for many companies. He is currently involved with the introduction and placement of next generation High efficiency waste control equipment. Mr. Kamppi firmly believes that Manufacturers and Industry leaders that are looking to lessen their impact on the environment and lessen the impact of waste removal on their bottom line profits should investigate this new equipment.

Authors Name: Robert Kamppi

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Dealing With Angry Employees

Anger is a force that can move an organization forward to improve, or, it can be a force that destroys the organization's ability to fulfil it's purpose on an everyday level. Managers play a critical role in determining which of these results will come about. The way the manager deals with conflict and anger will set the climate for employees.

There are a number of different anger/conflict situations that managers will face at one time or another. Each of these situations is slightly different, and may require different sets of skills.

* one employee angry or in conflict with another
* employee angry or in conflict with manager (you)
* one employee angry at someone in another organization
* two factions that habitually square off

We are going to look at employee angry that is directed towards you as a manager.

The Anger Iceberg

You should be aware that the anger you see is much easier to deal with than the anger that goes unexpressed by employees. You should also know that the large proportion of employee anger is not expressed directly to the "boss". It is this anger that is destructive to your organization since it will surface covertly through activities such as back-stabbing, un-cooperativeness, rumour spreading, and poor performance.

One important management/leadership task is to be alert to cues that indicate that there is anger sitting below the surface, unexpressed. While it may be frustrating to bear the responsibility of identifying and dealing with the "iceberg under the surface", it is an important part of building a positive climate where conflict can be resolved. If you wait for an employee to broach the subject, when it is clear there is a problem, you may be sacrificing a great deal.

We are going to focus on how employee anger that is out in the open can be dealt with so that there is a potential for increasing the level of respect and harmony, and by extension, productivity.

Basic Principles

1. Conflict/Angry situations become negative and destructive when they are not dealt with promptly and effectively. When the situations are dealt with properly, there is a tendency for a team to get stronger and better.

2. While angry employees may appear to want a specific issue addressed, they are looking for something else that they see as equally or more important. They want to be heard. If you don't provide a means for them to be heard, they will find other more subversive ways to be heard (and you won't like it much).

3. Staff will watch very closely to see how you handle anger directed at you. Even if you have a private discussion with an angry employee, staff will know about it. Your ability to lead will depend on your behaviour, and the interpretation of your behaviour.

4. Most people react to anger directed at them with a fight or flight reaction. That is there is a gut reaction which, unchecked, results in "firing back" with an aggressive manner, defending oneself, OR, avoidance. Only in rare occasions will these gut reactions result in dealing with anger effectively.

Tips & Techniques For Dealing With Overt Angry Behaviour

1. When an employee expresses anger, deal with it as soon as possible. That doesn't mean in two weeks! By showing a desire to make time to discuss the situation, you are showing that you are concerned, and value the employee and his or her perceptions and feelings. Many performance problems reach crisis proportions as a result of delay in dealing with anger.

2. Certain situations require privacy for discussion since some people will be unwilling to air their feelings at a public staff meeting. However, if anger is expressed in a staff meeting, you can develop a positive climate in the organization by dealing effectively with it in public. One technique is to ask the angry employee whether they would like to discuss it now, or prefer to talk about it privately. Let them call the shot.

3. Always allow the employee to talk. Don't interrupt. If they are hesitant to talk, encourage them by using a concerned, non-defensive tone and manner, and gently use questions.

For example:

"You seem a bit upset. I would like to help even if you are angry at me. What's up?"

4. If an employee refuses to talk about what's bothering them, consider adjourning by saying:

"I can understand that you are hesitant to talk about this, but we would probably both be better off if we got it out in the open. Let's leave it for a few days and come back to it"

Then follow up on the conversation.

5. Respond to the employee's feelings first, not the issue underlying the feelings.

Use empathy first by saying something like:

"It sounds like you are pretty annoyed with me. I would like to hear your opinion".

6. Before stating "your side" or your perception of the situation, make sure you have heard what the person said. Use active listening.

"George, if I understand you correctly, you are angry because you feel that I have not given you very challenging assignments, and you feel that I don't have any confidence in your abilities. Is that right?"

7. If the employee's perceptions do not match your perceptions express your perceptions in a way that tries to put you and the employee on the same side. Your job is not to prove the employee wrong (even if they are). Trying to prove the employee is incorrect is likely to increase the anger level even if you are right.

"George, I am sorry you feel that way. Let me explain what I think has happened so you can understand my thinking. Then we can work this out together."


8. A technique used by expert negotiators is to establish agreement about something. Before getting into the issues themselves, lay the groundwork by finding something the two of you agree on. Again, the point here is to convey the message that you are on the same side.

For example:

"George, I think we agree that we don't want this issue to continue to interfere with our enjoyment of our work. Is that accurate?"

9. At the end of a discussion of this sort, check with the employee to see how they are feeling.

The general pattern is:

a) Deal with feelings first
b) Move to issues and problem-solving
c) Go back to feelings

Ask the employee if they are satisfied with the situation, or simply ask "Do you feel a bit better?" You may not always get a completely honest response, so be alert to tone of voice and non-verbal cues.

If it appears that the employee is still upset or angry, you may want to let it pass for the moment. Allow the person to think about the situation away from you, THEN follow-up in a day or two. This is important because someone who is angry initially may "lose face" by letting the anger go immediately. Or, the employee might just need time to think about your discussion.


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Thursday, 18 December 2008

How to Buy a Business Opportunity

This article describes how you can find good turnkey business opportunities and easy ways to make extra money.

We all know that ideas are a dime a dozen. While ideas may be cheap, good ideas can be rarer than free diamonds. If good ideas were that easy to come by, however, ask yourself why you didn't invent the personal computer or compact discs.

So consider buying a good idea for your business. Besides buying a franchise or an existing business, or starting a business from scratch, you can buy a business concept. You may see some of these concepts referred to as business opportunities and easy ways to make extra money.

With a franchise you're buying a name and concept by paying an up-front franchise fee and a continuing percentage of your earnings. With a non-franchise business opportunity you also buy a concept by paying an up-front fee for your easy ways to make extra money. You may also pay the seller for equipment and supplies. What you don't pay is a continuing percentage of your earnings.

While you do get a business idea
that is a turnkey business where you can immediately begin your operations, you don't get many of the things that come with a franchise. Sometimes these things are good, sometimes not so good.

Understand that there is no requirement to pay any ongoing fees. Once you pay for the business opportunity, you're basically on your own. You may continue to order supplies from the seller, but there are no other fees. With a franchise you have a continuing obligation to pay franchise fees.

There are also no restrictions. With a non-franchise business you aren't required to conform strictly to a franchiser's code of operations. You have more flexibility to run the business as you see fit. And because you don't have the ongoing fees of a franchise, you have more money in your pocket to do with as you wish.

There are other things that aren't quite so favorable for a business opportunity.
First is the trade name. With a non-franchise business you get the concept, such as college scholarship matching in which you help students locate scholarship opportunities, but you probably won't get the trade name, such as American College Planning Services, a franchise providing the same type of service. Although you can negotiate to keep the current business name, in most cases, you run the non-franchise business under the name you select with your easy ways to make extra money. You must establish your own name recognition.

You also don't get a protected territory. Unlike a franchise opportunity, the seller of a non-franchise business may sell the same business opportunity to your next-door neighbor, unless you have a non-compete clause in your contract.

It also lacks extensive training.
You may get some reference guides or tapes to instruct you in how the business operates , but the seller of a non-franchise business opportunity will not show you how to run a business in general. You have to pick this up on your own. There may be a trade association that covers your business type that can help you.

Author : Michael Laleye

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Wednesday, 17 December 2008

Internet Marketing Strategy: Developing a Website Marketing Plan

For many of us, finding the time and commitment to develop an Internet marketing strategy is difficult. There are so many other obligations vying for our attention it is tempting to push strategies to the back burner. Giving into that temptation, however, means putting your business at a disadvantage.

This is because an overall marketing strategy is the compass by which you navigate. As opportunities arise or your business environment changes, the objective and marketing strategies in your plan will point you toward the best action. Without a strategic plan, you risk becoming unfocused in your marketing efforts, resulting in guesses about what might be best for your business.

To be most effective, your Website (as well as other) marketing strategies should be a part of your overall business marketing plan. By aligning online marketing with your offline efforts, you can better achieve overall company objectives. Additionally, you will present a consistent style and message across all points of contact with your target audience.

Your strategic focus will in part be determined by your site's status. If you already have a site in place, your plan can focus strictly on marketing issues. In other words, how to most effectively market using your existing site.

If you have a site that needs improvement, however, your marketing efforts will be more effective if you incorporate Website enhancements in with your strategies.

Finally, if you do not yet have a site, you can create one as you develop a marketing strategy, with your plan focused on launching the site. In any case, remember that your objective, strategies, and tactics will change over time as your situation and focus change.

Parts of a Marketing Plan

A strategic Website marketing plan is similar to a strategic business marketing plan, but with a narrower focus (i.e. the Website plan focuses on Internet marketing strategy and programs while the overall marketing plan encompasses the entire business).

As with any marketing plan, the online plan includes developing strategies and tactics (also called action plans) that, when implemented, will help you reach your marketing goals. An objective, strategy, and tactic are each progressively narrower in scope:

The objective addresses the “big picture”. In general terms, your objective answers the question “How will I overcome my main marketing challenge(s)?” If your company’s main site-related challenge is figuring out how to use your Website to help build client business, for example, an objective for your online marketing plan could be “To enhance online client service as well as build site awareness and interest with clients.”

A marketing strategy supports your objective. The strategy defines general approaches you will take to meet your objective. For example, strategies to support the above objective could include 1) improve online communication, information, and education, 2) build awareness of and interest in your company on the Internet, and 3) communicate the Website’s existence and advantages to existing clients.

A marketing tactic is where the action takes place. Also called marketing programs or action plans, they are the things you will do to bring each marketing strategy to life. Tactics for strategy 2 in the above example (improve online communication, information, and education) could include 1) sharing experience and observations in your industry through participation in discussion boards, 2) offering an email newsletter, and 3) listing/submitting your site to targeted search engines and directories.

By implementing marketing programs that are consistent with your site objective(s) and marketing strategies you improve your chance of business success.

Author : Bobette Kyle

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Strategic Alliances and Foreign Investment Opportunities

If your company is interested in delving further into the international trade arena, licensing, joint ventures and off-shore operations should be explored. While direct exporting may be a profitable method of market entry for some businesses, licensing to a foreign company manufacturing rights to your product or setting up a foreign manufacturing joint venture may be viable alternatives.

In comparison, setting up off-shore manufacturing operations may be a more economical way of doing business: Kansas-based Extru-Tech, Inc. is exploring this possibility:

"Because of the high cost of shipping our products and the customs duties involved, we are seriously considering setting up a manufacturing facility in the Far East, our biggest market," says Extru-Tech President Kenneth E. Matson.


This chapter will discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of alternatives to direct exporting, how to find licensing and joint venture manufacturing partners and how to finance overseas investment.

STRATEGIC ALLIANCES

Licensing


Licensing involves a contractual arrangement whereby a company licenses the rights to certain technological know-how, design and intellectual property to a foreign company in return for royalties or other kinds of payment.
This arrangement worked well for a small business exporter from Virginia:

"We export our 'Peace Frogs' T-shirts directly to Japan, but in Spain per capita income is lower, competition from domestic producers is stronger, and tariffs are high, so we licensed a Barcelona-based company the rights to manufacture our product," says Peace Frogs president Catesby Jones.

Licensing offers a small business many advantages, such as rapid entry into foreign markets and virtually no capital requirements to establish manufacturing operations abroad. Returns are usually realized more quickly than for manufacturing ventures.

The disadvantages of licensing are that control may be lost over manufacturing and marketing, and more important, that the licensee may become a competitor if too much knowledge and know-how is transferred

Take care to protect trademarks and intellectual property.

One way to help ensure that your intellectual property is protected is to secure proper patent and trademark registration. In the interim before your patent is filed, you may ask a potential licensee to sign a confidentiality and non-disclosure agreement barring the licensee from manufacturing the product itself, or having it manufactured through third parties. Make sure such agreements are not in violation of laws in the host country.

Patents should be filed with the appropriate foreign government within one year of U.S. filing, in order to obtain patent protection under the Paris Convention, the international agreement on patents. Patent rules vary from country to country, so it is important to consult a competent international patent and trademark attorney.

Licensing to a foreign company the rights to your product will require a carefully crafted licensing agreement. Consulting an attorney is critical since rules on licensing also vary from country to country. Be careful that the agreement does not violate host country antitrust laws. Under the antitrust laws of many countries, the licensee cannot set the price at which a product will be re-sold by the licensor.

Foreign Manufacturing Joint Ventures

In contrast to licensing arrangements, foreign manufacturing joint ventures allow for the U.S. company to have a stake and management role in the foreign operation. Joint ventures require more of a direct investment than licensing and require training, management assistance and technology transfer.

Joint ventures can be equity or non-equity partnerships. Equity joint ventures are contractual arrangements with equal partners. Non-equity ventures involve the host country partner in the arrangement with a greater percentage. In some countries, a joint venture is the only way for a foreign company to set up operations.

Laws often require that a certain percentage of stock belong to a citizen of the host country.

Foreign manufacturing joint ventures are risky in that geographical and cultural factors may interfere with the smooth running of operations.

You will have to deal with entirely new management, located in a different country, whose first language may not be English.

Despite the drawbacks, using a foreign partner can have many benefits:

The partner will have intimate knowledge of the target market and may have business and political contacts to make market entry easier.

Partner Selection Issues

Finding a suitable partner is critical to the success of any licensing or manufacturing joint venture arrangement.However, this can be a time consuming and difficult process without proper assistance. Recognizing this fact, the United States government has a special program to facilitate overseas partner selection.

The DOC Matchmaker Trade Delegations are an excellent way to make joint venture and licensee contacts. Matchmakers provide one-on-one pre-screened business appointments for U.S. companies in a foreign country.

One U.S. company which was particularly successful as a result of a Matchmaker was Texas-based Made In USA:

"As a result of a Matchmaker trade mission, I was able to consummate a Finnish joint venture which resulted in $6 million in sales," says Jan Schwenk, a principal with Made in USA, a software development company.


Exports now account for 25 percent of the company's business.

A limited number of Matchmaker Trade Delegations are held each year. For companies unable to take advantage of a Matchmaker, you may consider the DOC's "Gold Key Service." For U.S. firms planning to visit a country, US&FCS overseas staff will assist in developing a market strategy, setting up orientation briefings, making introductions to potential joint venture partners, providing interpreters for meetings and helping with follow-up planning. Fees vary from country to country.

The steps that can be involved in foreign partner selection are as follows:

. Contact your local DOC office. Discuss your target market and what kind
of partner you are seeking. They can tell you whether a Matchmaker program
fitting your needs is scheduled.
If not, they will send your request to the appropriate Foreign Commercial
Service representative abroad.
. A list of potential partners will be forwarded to you. Contact each one
with letter of introduction.
. After responses from potential candidates are obtained, conduct a
financial and business reference check on the most qualified candidates.
If you are unable to do this in-house, use a credit reporting firm.
. Make a trip abroad, either with a Matchmaker Trade Delegation or
individually, to meet with potential licensees or joint venture partners.
. Having made your final selection, begin contract negotiations with the
assistance of legal counsel.

Foreign Investment Opportunities

Many companies find that, as a result of exporting profitably and licensing or joint venturing the manufacture of their products abroad, it becomes a more viable method of market entry to set up off-shore production operations.

Having only exported since 1988, Z-International, a Missouri-based label manufacturer, opened a plant in Germany in 1990. The plant now employs 12 people and invoiced over DM 4,000,000 in 1991. Company president Fritz Zschietzschmann said that Z-International's initial motivation in setting up the plant was to reach the European market, but now he says, "The doors to all of Eastern Europe will be open for business."

Off-shore manufacturing requires greater investment than licensing or joint venture manufacturing, but also affords the greatest amount of control over operations.

Additional factors that may induce a company to set up off-shore production include: high transportation costs, prohibitive tariffs or duties on imports, lower production costs and foreign government investment incentives, such as tax holidays.

If you are seriously considering setting up an off-shore manufacturing plant, you will need to assess whether to acquire an existing facility or to construct a new one. The key factors in this decision-making process are the legal and tax ramifications, where to set up operations, and how to finance the foreign investment. An off-shore operation may offer certain tax benefits and other inducements for your company to make an investment in their country.

Legal and Tax Implications

Much of the decision-making surrounding joint venture or off-shore manufacturing involves legal and tax issues. Some countries actively encourage and promote foreign investment. Countries receptive to, or in need of, foreign investment may have relaxed laws on kinds and amounts of foreign investments allowed and may even offer certain tax benefits. U.S. and host country attorneys and accountants should be an integral part of the team you assemble to assess whether and where joint venture or off-shore manufacturing would be profitable for your company.

Location, Partner Selection and Financial Assistance

Foreign investment requires a substantial commitment of time and money and a certain amount of risk. Recognizing this fact, the United States government created a separate, business-oriented agency to support American investors entering the international marketplace.

Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC)

OPIC is the lead agency assisting U.S. businesses interested in investment overseas.

OPIC programs are available if the project:

. is a new venture, or expansion of an existing business;
. is located in a developing country where OPIC operates (OPIC operates in
140 countries);
. will assist in the socio-economic development of the host country;
. is approved by the host government; and
. is consistent with the economic interests of the United States and will
not have a significant adverse effect on the United States economy or
United States employment.

If your potential overseas investment fits these criteria, OPIC can be an extremely useful resource.

OPIC offers a variety of programs, including: financing and political risk insurance to help protect your investment and several pre-investment services.

Pre-investment Assistance

OPIC sponsors investment missions to introduce U.S. businesses to key foreign private sector leaders, government officials and potential joint venture partners. Since its inception in 1975, investment missions to 45 countries have been organized.

SBA-guaranteed loans may be available to fund your company's participation in such missions.

In addition to pre-investment assistance, OPIC provides financing to assist in the setup of overseas operations and risk insurance to mitigate some of the problems associated with investment in developing countries.

Financing

Direct loans are available to ventures sponsored by, or significantly involving, U.S. small businesses or cooperatives. OPIC loans range from $500,000 to $6 million. Loan guarantees are also made to lending institutions in the range of $2 million to $25 million, but can be as large as $50 million.

OPIC has also underwritten a number of geographic venture funds, including the Africa Growth Fund, the East European Environmental Fund and the Latin America Growth Fund. If your project fits the criteria necessary to be eligible for access these funds, you may consider applying to the specific fund for financing assistance.

Insurance

Private investors may be hesitant to undertake long-term investments abroad, given the political uncertainties of many developing nations.
To alleviate these concerns, OPIC insures U.S. investments against three major types of political risks: in convertibility, expropriation and political violence, including civil strife.

Foreign Governments

Foreign governments, particularly in developing countries, often sponsor special agencies to aid and facilitate foreign direct investment. Some examples include the Mexican Investment Board (MIB), the Portuguese Trade Commission and the Bahrain Marketing and Promotions Office. These foreign investment promotion agencies can provide detailed market information, joint venture leads and make contacts with key officials.

They often maintain offices in the United States.

Some countries may also have special funds or financing arrangements to spur foreign investment in particular sectors or geographical areas. Foreign investment promotion agencies can lead you to these sources. Contact the appropriate foreign embassy in the United States for the name of the agency which can assist you.

A FINAL WORD ON GOING GLOBAL

In Chapter 3, we discussed methods of market entry with an emphasis on exporting. In this concluding chapter, we focussed on licensing, joint venture manufacturing and off-shore production as options to be considered along with, or in addition to, exporting.

How you decide to enter overseas markets will depend on a variety of factors unique to your own small business. Going global can be a challenging experience for a small business, but the rewards can be substantial.

As Roger Teigen, 1991 SBA Oklahoma Exporter of the Year, put it:

"There is a certain greater adulation in winning when we win in the export market rather than when we win in the U.S. market . . . it is exciting, it is exhilarating."

Let this optimism and enthusiasm be your guide as you go global. The U.S. Small Business Administration, as well as numerous other government agencies at the state and federal level, support and encourage your entry into the international arena. There are a multitude of programs and a worldwide staff to assist you.

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